3/31/2024 0 Comments Density of water in gl![]() ![]() Mercury, being a liquid metal, is something of an outlier. Liquids encompass an intermediate range of densities. Measurement of the density of a gas is a simple experimental way of estimating its molecular weight ( more here) To the extent that a gas exhibits ideal behavior (low pressure, high temperature), the density of a gas is directly proportional to the masses of its component atoms, and thus to its molecular weight. ![]() Moreĭensities of solids, liquids and gases In general, gases have the lowest densities, but these densities are highly dependent on the pressure and temperature which must always be specified. Don't ask! Black holes are the ultimate fate of the most massive stars.ĩ Collapse of stars between 1.4 and 2 times more massive than the sun squeezes electrons and protons into each other, rendering much of the star's matter into a ball of neutrons having a radius of only a few kilometers. The value given here assumes a volume defined by the event horizon. This will eventually happen to the sun after it runs out of hydrogen fuel.Ĩ These exotic beasts concentrate their mass at a zero-radius point, so in a sense possess infinite density. Why do these elements win out over the heavier ones? Blame it on the lanthanide contraction.ħ Squeeze the sun down into the size of the earth, and you get a white dwarf. MoreĦ Osmium's density is just a hair greater than that of indium. 5 This ultrafine form of SiO 2 is found in everything from toothpaste to coffee creamer. ![]() MoreĤ No surprise that the lightest element forms the lowest density solid of any pure substance. The density at the Sun's center is estimated to be about 160 g/cm3. But bear in mind that it is all very hot gas. Moreģ The Sun's very low average density may surprise you. Besides its extremely low density, many aerogels exhibit remarkably low thermal conductivity. MoreĢ Remove the water from a colloidal gel, and you get an aerogel, sometimes called "solid smoke". The following notes are keyed to the green numbers immediately above the topmost (dark orange) bar of the chart →ġ The world's lowest-density class of solids, invented in 2011. Thus if we find that a given volume of a substance at 20☌ weighs 1.11 times as much as the same volume of water measured at 4☌, we would express its specific gravity asĪlthough most chemists find density to be more convenient to work with and consider "specific gravity" to be rather old-fashioned, the latter quantity is still widely used in many industrial and technical fields ranging from winemaking to urinalysis. In making actual comparisons, however, the temperatures of both the material being measured and of the equivalent volume of water are frequently different, so in order to specify a specific gravity value unambiguously, it is necessary to state the temperatures of both the substance in question and of the water. At 4☌, water has its maximum density of almost exactly 1.000 g mL –1, so if the equivalent volume of water is assumed to be at this temperature, then the density and specific gravity can be considered numerically identical. The presence of "volume" in this definition introduces a slight complication: volumes are temperature-dependent owing to thermal expansion. What we conventionally call the "density" is more precisely known as the "mass density".ĭensity can be expressed in any combination of mass and volume units the most commonly seen units are grams per mL (g mL –1, g cm –3), or kilograms per litre. The general meaning of density is the amount of anything per unit volume. The volume units milliliter (mL) and cubic centimeter (cm 3) are almost identical and are commonly used interchangeably. This quantity ρ is known as the density, which is usually defined as the mass per unit volume: ρ = m/V. Denoting mass and volume by m and V respectively, we can write the equation of each line as m = ρ V, where the slope ρ (Greek lower-case rho) is the proportionality constant that relates mass to volume. The only difference between these plots is their slopes. the plots are all straight lines, which signify direct proportionality.the plots all have the same origin of (0,0): if the mass is zero, so is the volume.These plots show how the masses of three liquids vary with their volumes. It is this ratio, (mass ÷ volume), that we are concerned with in this lesson. You will recall that the ratio of two extensive properties is always an intensive property - one that characterizes a particular kind of matter, independently of its size or mass. Mass and volume, as we learned in the previous unit, are measures of the quantity of a substance, and as such are defined as extensive properties of matter. Most of us have long understood that "oil is lighter than water", or that iron is "heavier" than sugar. But in making such statements, we are implicitly comparing equal volumes of these substances: after all, we know that a cup of sugar will weigh more than a single ordinary steel nail. ![]()
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